![]() If sudo is not present in the output, the user does not belong to that group. ![]() E.g., a user with id= foo should see output from Once logged in as a user, you can verify whether or not the user belongs to group= sudo using either the id or groups commands. Auditing/logging: when a sudo command is executed, the original username and the command are logged.įor the reasons above, switching to root using sudo -i (or sudo su) is usually deprecated because it cancels most of the above features.ĭebian's default configuration allows users in the sudo group to run any command via sudo.It's easy to run only the commands that require special privileges via sudo the rest of the time, you work as an unprivileged user, which reduces the damage that mistakes can cause. Extra privileges can be granted to individual users temporarily, and then taken away without the need for a password change. Nobody needs to know the root password ( sudo prompts for the current user's password). Using sudo could be more familiar to newer users, and it could be better (safer) than allowing a normal user to open a session as root. ![]() So you do not have to put "sudo" in front of any command. Instead, they open a terminal as root (for example with su - from a normal user). Moreover, having a system without sudo could still give security benefits, since the sudo package could be affected by security bugs, as any additional part of the system. Note that, historically, all Unix-like systems worked perfectly even before "sudo" was invented. Then please do a full logout and login again. (Obviously just replace "jhon-smith" with your personal username) Password: (enter here the password of the root user that you specified during your Debian installation, and press Enter) If you like sudo and you want to install it (even if you skipped it during your Debian installation), you can, but in the way without sudo, so, becoming root with the su command, installing it, and adding yourself in the sudo group and doing a full logout/login. However, this situation only happens if you have set a root password during your Debian installation. Some new Debian users, usually coming from Ubuntu, are shocked by problems like "sudo not working in Debian". Sudo is also an effective way to log who ran which command and when. The basic philosophy is to give as few privileges as possible but still allow people to get their work done. Sudo (sometimes considered as short for Super- user do) is a program designed to let system administrators allow some users to execute some commands as root (or another user). These should be owned by root, with permissions 0440 (so user root can read it but not write it!).Translation(s): العربية - English - Español - Français - Italiano - Русский We cam add configuration files into /etc/sudoers.d. %admin ALL NOPASSWD:/bin/mkdir, PASSWD:/bin/rm /etc/sudoers.d We can enforce the use of a password with some commands, but no password for others: %www-data ALL(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/sbin/service php5-fpm reload,/usr/sbin/service php5-fpm restart, This let's us get more specific on which service commands we can use with php5-fpm: Here's the same configuration as a comma-separated list of multiple commands. %www-data ALL(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/sbin/service php5-fpm * The following will allow group www-data to run sudo service php5-fpm * commands without a password, great for deployment! This allows user vagrant to run all commands using sudo without a password. root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL - These rules apply to all commands.root ALL=(ALL: ALL) ALL - User root can run commands as all groups.root ALL=( ALL:ALL) ALL - User root can run commands as all users.root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL - This rule applies to all user root logged in from all hosts.root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL - This applies to user root.The root user can do anything: ALL(ALL:ALL) ALL. Let's check out the root user in the sudoers configuration. Sudo update-alternatives -set editor /usr/bin/nano Sudoers File Sudo update-alternatives -set editor /usr/bin/nano In general, you can set your editor via the EDITOR and/or VISUAL environment variables. You can decide which editor to use to edit sudoers in a quick one liner: ![]() This uses your default editor to edit the sudoers configuration. To edit the sudoers file, we should always use the visudo command. We can configure who can use sudo commands by editing the /etc/sudoers file, or by adding configuration to the /etc/sudoers.d directory. Find out how that's done, and much more!We'll configure who can use "sudo" and how. Similarly, AWS servers allow the same thing. You may have noticed that the Vagrant user on your development server can use sudo without a password. We can configure who can use the sudo command and how.
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